新华社北京9月12日电题：“要像爱惜自己的生命一样保护好城市历史文化遗产”新华社记者王秋韵、张漫子 胡同、四合院，作为典型的文化符号见证着北京这座千年古城的变迁，其生存和发展问题也一直引人关注。2014年2月25日，习近平总书记来到北京玉河旁的雨儿胡同，先后走进29号、30号大杂院。    Russian President Vladimir Putin, on his first trip abroad since being indicted by the International Criminal Court in March, on Friday called on an alliance of former Soviet states to expand relations with non-Western countries.In an address to the Commonwealth of Independent States summit in Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, Putin also defended Russia's invasion of Ukraine as an attempt to prevent war and blamed the United States as an integral cause of the current war between Israel and Hamas fighters. His comments did not break ground but the trip was significant as his first venture outside Russia and the occupied territories of Ukraine after the ICC indictment for alleged war crimes in Ukraine. The indictment would oblige any country that is party to the ICC to arrest him on their soil.The CIS consists of Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan and Armenia. Tajikistan has acceded to the ICC; Armenia, which recently approved joining the court, did not participate in the summit amid rising disputes with Russia. Putin told the CIS heads of state that “it is important to work together, together with like-minded people from other regions of the world — with the countries of the so-called world majority, the Global South, whose views are very close to us.”He deplored the conflict between Israel and Hamas, which broke out last week when Hamas launched raids on Israel, but took aim at the United States' role.“For many years, the one-sided line of the Americans led the situation further and further into a dead end," he said. “The large-scale tragedy that Israelis and Palestinians are now experiencing was a direct result of the failed U.S. policy in the Middle East.”On Ukraine, he reiterated Russia's contention that sending troops into the country was justifiable because of years of fighting between the Ukrainian military and separatist forces in the country's east.Our special military operation is not the beginning of a war, but an attempt to stop it," Putin contended.。总书记说：“这一片胡同我很熟悉，今天来就是想看看老街坊，听听大家对老城区改造的想法。” 老城要发展，居民生活亟待改善。如何既满足老街坊们对美好生活的期盼，又保留城市文化记忆、延续历史文脉？习近平总书记有着深邃思考。

B | 在2014年2月25日考察时，习近平总书记指出，北京是世界著名古都，丰富的历史文化遗产是一张金名片，传承保护好这份宝贵的历史文化遗产是首都的职责，要本着对历史负责、对人民负责的精神，传承历史文脉。

C | “要像爱惜自己的生命一样保护好城市历史文化遗产。”习近平总书记语气坚定。“胡同和四合院是北方传统民居的代表，也是市井文化的代表，具有重要保护价值。北京胡同与元大都的建设相伴而生，从街巷到胡同，呈棋盘纵横分布，形成了老城的骨架与血脉。”北京市古代建筑设计研究所所长张越说。一系列着力保护胡同肌理和院落风貌的举措在古都有序落实：出台《北京城市总体规划（2016年-2035年）》，明确老城不能再拆，通过腾退、恢复性修建，做到应保尽保；实施新修订的《北京历史文化名城保护条例》，维护历史文化遗产的真实性、历史风貌的完整性、社会生活的延续性、城市功能的多样性…… “为保留老房子的味道，许多建筑上缺损的老构件不再是简单替换，而是专门搜集传统的材料，依据胡同特色，用传统技艺进行修复。”负责雨儿胡同改造工程现场的北京市建筑设计研究院有限公司工程师郑天深有感慨，“以往，我常常修复建筑，但这一次，我感觉是在修复城市，修复她的文明基底、抚慰城市心灵。” 随着一条条老胡同里的建筑风貌和规制格局恢复，尘封已久的古都记忆慢慢苏醒，“老巷幽宅静树依”的风韵回来了。雨儿胡同30号院里，老居民崇宝才坐在小院核桃树下，细数着小院里的秋藤、冬雪、春雨、夏荷……一年四季都是好光景。

D | 30多年前，崇宝才一家三口搬进30号院时，约300平方米的院子里住了14户居民，私搭乱建十分严重，密如蛛网的胡同里房屋杂乱得挤成一团。“这些年经过修复改造，我们四合院的温情味儿回来了，私搭的棚子没了，大杂院变成了自己一直羡慕的中式大院。阳光照进屋里，心里亮堂堂的。”这位71岁老人的脸上皱纹舒展，漾出笑容。2019年2月，习近平总书记再次走进北京胡同。

E | 在前门东区草厂四条胡同，总书记说：“北京的传统文化特色在哪里？就是胡同。如果北京的胡同都消失了，都变成高楼大厦了，还怎么记得住乡愁？我们搞现代化建设，既要把这个文化底蕴保留下来，又要让胡同居民过上现代生活，要把二者结合好。” 青砖灰瓦、朱门楹联，石纹苍老、花木扶疏。草厂四条胡同里，一砖一瓦都在讲述着古都的变迁。“诗书修德业，麟凤振家声”“有容德乃大，无欺心自安”“德义渊闳，履禄绥厚”……四合院门上镌刻的楹联，蕴含着中华民族独特的文化基因。

F | 草厂胡同居民李彩仙列举着这些楹联，骄傲地说：“这些家风家训，是孩子们成长中最好的‘护身符’。”除了楹联，胡同里还有雕花砖墙、门簪门墩、窗棂透风……传统的印记让宅院有了生命。雨儿胡同、草厂地区的变迁只是一个缩影。如今，白塔寺宫门口东西岔胡同、培育胡同、铸钟胡同等一批老胡同纷纷变了样。据统计，2017年以来，北京市3900多条背街小巷环境面貌得到整体改善。登上北京景山，俯瞰整座城市，成百上千条胡同纵横交错，古韵与新貌相融共生，名人故居、戏园会馆、百年老字号、非遗博物馆等历史文化载体星罗棋布，古都文化穿梭流淌。春草生，秋叶落，胡同和四合院浓郁的文化气息在岁月中沉淀绵延。“作为胡同里的一分子，我要和孩子们一起像爱惜生命一样，保护传承好这里的人情味儿、文化味儿。”崇宝才说。

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